Technical Barriers to Trade and China’s Trade

Technical barriers to trade and SPS measures and export dynamics

Traditional trade policy tools like tariffs and quotas are being actively replaced with non-tariff policy tools (NTB) by governments throughout the world. In this paper we investigate how introduction of two types of non-tariff measures, technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, affects exporters in different countries. According to the heterogeneous firms...

Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped tariff equivalent estimate to its determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, trade co...

Quantification of Sanitary, Phytosanitary, and Technical Barriers to Trade for Trade Policy Analysis

This paper presents promising methodologies for modeling and quantifying nontariff barriers (NTB) to trade in the agricultural and food sectors. We limit the analysis to sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical regulations that can have an impact on trade and to methods that provide some quantitative estimates of the impact of such barriers on market equilibrium, trade flows, economic efficiency,...

The InvIsIble barrIers To Trade how busInesses experIence non-TarIff measures THE INVISIBLE BARRIERS TO TRADE

Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade

that restrict trade between countries in agricultural commodities. Many of these policies are now subject to important disciplines under the 1994 GATT agreement that is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs, import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed. Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are examined, including v...